This article deals with the long-term study of the new geography of the world's mining industries and the opportunities and challenges facing Iran. Understanding the world's mining industries from the aspects of leading producers, new industrial geography, the monopoly power of countries, the type of competitive structure, the existence of economies of scale, the diversity of the mining industries of the leading countries in each mining industry (including non-metallic mineral, basic metals and manufactured metal) according to ISIC code 2 digits in the annual periods and evaluating the developments and opportunities ahead for the development of Iran's mining industries are the dimensions of this study.Study results show that: during the long-term period, the leading producers (five major countries) for each of the world's mining industries are the United States, then China, Japan, Germany, and recently some emerging and newly industrialized countries such as India, Brazil, Russia, Mexico, Indonesia, South Africa, and South Korea.The new geography of the world's mineral industries in these two long-term periods is fundamentally shifting from the industrially developed world centered on America, Japan, and Germany to emerging and newly industrialized economies centered on China, India and Brazil. During the long-term period, due to the high monopoly power of China and the increasing monopolization of the structure of each of the world's mining industries, China and some emerging and newly industrialized countries in each of these industries are at the optimal point of economies of scale by increasing the share of production according to the export-oriented approach with the aim of increasing their market share. two spectrums of industrial economies of the world with the overflow of technical knowledge and technology transfer; Emerging and newly industrialized economies have a special place in the priority of developing cooperation and trade with Iran and promise new opportunities for cooperation.