Journal of Mining Engineering

Journal of Mining Engineering

Comparison of Exploration lithogeochemical Models Based on Zoning Index in Songun and Darhazar Porphyry Copper Deposits

Document Type : research - paper

Authors
department mining engineering, Shahid Bahonar university, Kerman, Iran
Abstract
Sungun and Darrehzar porphyry copper deposits are in the Sanandaj Sirjan metamorphic zone. Lithogeochemical models and Cu/Mo and Pb.Zn/Cu. Mo zonality indexes showed that the shape of Sungun porphyry stock is vertical with direct zonation, and Darrehzar porphyry stock has a low slope with reverse zonality and radially centripetal. Numerical maps of copper and molybdenum grades are mainly in the central parts of the lithogeochemical field in Darrehzar and Sungun deposits, and numerical maps of lead and zinc grades occupy most of the marginal areas of these fields. Based on the iso grade maps, the (Pb.Zn)/(Cu.Mo) zonality index can separate the central parts of the area from the peripheral regions very well, and on the other hand, the role of the regional faults and porphyry stock erosion in Darrehzar and Sungun deposit was shown clearly. In the Sungun copper-molybdenum porphyry deposit, the Cu/Mo zonality index changed from 60 in the supra-ore haloes to 20 in sub-ore haloes. This index is expected to reach 3 5 at 1100-1200 meters. This index shows a decreasing trend in the Darrehzar porphyry copper deposit with a depth from 154 to 29. The maximum depth of ore-bearing mineralization was estimated at 2200 meters in this deposit.
Keywords

Subjects


  بیگ­مرادی، ه.؛ رحیمی­پور، غ. ر.؛ شهریاری، ه.؛ اسفندیار پور، ا.؛ بنی­اسدی شهربابکی، ع.؛ 1402؛ «بررسی تغییرات عیار مس و مولیبدن و شاخص زونالیته Cu/Mo در استوک پورفیری، معدن مس سرچشمه و پروفیل شماره 2600»، چهارمین کنفرانس ملی داده کاوی در علوم زمین، دانشگاه صنعتی اراک، دانشکده مهندسی علوم زمین. ##
  حسن­زاده، ف.؛ شمس­الدینی، م.؛ رحیمی­پور، غ. ر.؛ 1400؛ «مقایسه شاخص‌های منطقه­بندی در تعیین موقعیت  توده معدنی مس پورفیری درآلو، جنوب استان کرمان»، دوره 16، شماره 52، 51 تا 62.  ##
  حسنی­پاک، ع.ا.؛ 1394؛ «اصول اکتشافات ژئوشیمیایی»، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، 615 ص. ##
  Abbaszadeh, M.; Hezarkhani, A.; Soltani-Mohammadi, S.; 2013; “An SVM-based machine learning method for the separation of alteration zones in Sungun porphyry copper deposit”, Geochemistry, 73(4), 545-554. ##
  Asadi, S.; Moore, F.; Zarasvandi, A.; 2014; “Discriminating productive and barren porphyry copper deposits in the southeastern part of the central Iranian volcano-plutonic belt, Kerman region, Iran”, a review. Earth-Science Reviews, 138, pp.25-46. ##
  Atapour, H.; 2017; “The exploration significance of Ag/Au, Au/Cu, Cu/Mo, (Ag× Au)/ (Cu× Mo) ratios, supra-ore and sub-ore halos and fluid inclusions in porphyry deposits”, a review. Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran, 28(2), pp.133-146. ##
  Aliyari, F.; Afzal, P.; Lotfi, M.; Shokri, S.; Feizi, H.; 2020; “Delineation of geochemical haloes using the developed zonality index model by multivariate and fractal analysis in the Cu–Mo porphyry deposits”, Applied Geochemistry, 121, p.104694. ##
  Alizadeh Sevari, B.; Hezarkhani, A.; 2014; “Hydrothermal evolution of Darrehzar porphyry copper deposit, Iran: evidence from fluid inclusions”, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 7, pp.1463-1477. ##
  Daneshvar Saein, L.; Afzal, P.; Shahbazi, S.; Sadeghi, B.; 2022; “Application of an improved zonality index model integrated with multivariate fractal analysis: epithermal gold deposits”, Geopersia, 12(2), pp.379-394. ##
  Derakhshani, R.; Abdolzadeh, M.; 2009; “Geochemistry, mineralization and alteration zones of Darrehzar porphyry copper deposit, Kerman, Iran”, Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(9), pp.1628-1646. ##
  Grigoryan, S.V.; 1974; “Primary geochemical halos in prospecting and exploration of hydrothermal deposits”, International Geology Review, 16(1), pp.12-25. ##
  Harraz, H.Z.; 1995; “Primary geochemical haloes, El Sid gold mine, eastern Desert, Egypt”, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 20(1), pp.61-71. ##
  Harraz, H.Z.; Hamdy, M.M.; 2015; “Zonation of primary haloes of Atud auriferous quartz vein deposit, Central Eastern Desert of Egypt: A potential exploration model targeting for hidden mesothermal gold deposits”, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 101, pp.1-18. ##
  Heidari, S.M.; Afzal, P.; Ghaderi, M.; Sadeghi, B.; 2021; “Detection of mineralization stages using zonality and multifractal modeling based on geological and geochemical data in the Au-(Cu) intrusion-related Gouzal-Bolagh deposit, NW Iran”, Ore Geology Reviews, 139, p.104561. ##
  Hezarkhani, A.; 2006; “Petrology of the intrusive rocks within the Sungun porphyry copper deposit, Azerbaijan, Iran”, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27(3), 326-340. ##
  Hronsky, J.M.A.; Groves, D.I.; 2008; “Science of targeting: Definition, strategies, targeting and performance measurement.Aust”, J. Earth Sci., 55, 3–12. ##
  Kamali, A.; Moayyed, M.; Amel, N.; Hosainzadeh, M. R.; 2017; “Mineral chemistry and geochemistry of lamprophyric dykes in the Sungun Cu-Mo porphyry deposit (Varzaghan-Northwestern Iran), Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences, 26(102), 73-90. ##
  Kudriatsef, D.I.; 2014; “REE exploration Institute, Moscow,Instruction of lithogeochemical exploration methods for Cu_Mo porphyry deposits”, in Russian language. ##
  Murakami, H.; Seo, J.H.; Heinrich, C.A.; 2010; “The relation between Cu/Au ratio and formation depth of porphyry-style Cu–Au±Mo deposits”, Mineralium Deposita, 45, pp.11-21. ##
  Nurmi, P.A., 1985; “Lithogeochemistry in exploration for Proterozoic porphyry-type molybdenum and copper deposits, southern Finland”, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 23(2), pp.163-191. ##
  Ovchinnikov, L.N. and Grigorian, S.V., 1970. “Regularities in the Composition and Structure of Primary Geochemical Haloes of Sulfide Deposits”. In  Nauchnye Osnovy Geokhimicheskikh Metodov Poiskov Glubokozalegayushchikh  Rudnykh Mestorozhdeniy, Part I (pp. 3-36). Irkutsk: II Session of SPGM. ##
  Parsapoor, A.; Khalili, M.; Maghami, M.; 2017; “Discrimination between mineralized and unmineralized alteration zones using primary geochemical haloes in the Darreh-Zar porphyry copper deposit in Kerman, southeastern Iran”, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 132, 109-126. ##
  Rose, W.R.; Hawkes, H.E.; Webb, J.S.; 1979; “Geochemistry in Mineral Exploration”, Academic Press. ##
  Grigoryan, S.V.; 1974; “Primary geochemical halos in prospecting and exploration of hydrothermal deposits”, International Geology Review”, 16(1), pp.12-25. ##
  Safari Sinegani, S.; Ziaii, M.; Ghoorchi, M., Sadeghi, M.; 2018; “Application of concentration gradient coefficients in mining geochemistry: A comparison of copper mineralization in Iran and Canada”, Journal of Mining and Environment, 9(1), 277-292. ##
  Salehian, M.; Ghaderi, M.; 2010; “Alteration and mineralization at Daralu Porphyry Copper Deposit, South of Kerman, Southeast Iran”, In The 1st International Applied Geological Congress Department of Geology, Islamic Azad University, Mashad Branch, Iran. ##
  Soltani, F.; Afzal, P.; Asghari, O.; 2013; “Sequential Gaussian simulation in the Sungun Cu porphyry deposit and comparing the stationary reproduction with ordinary kriging”, Universal Journal of Geoscience, 1(2), pp.106-113. ##
  Solovov, A. P.; 1966; “parameers of the primery halo of an endogenous deposits an sssr”, Geologiya Rudnykh Mestorozh., no. 3. ##
  Talesh Hosseini, S.; Asghari, O.; Torabi, S. A.; Abedi, M.; 2020; “An optimum selection of simulated geological models by multi-point geostatistics and multi-criteria decision-making approaches; a case study in Sungun porphyry- Cu deposit”, Iran. Journal of Mining and Environment, 11(2), 481-503. ##
  Timkin, T.; Abedini, M.; Ziaii, M.; Ghasemi, M.R.; 2022; “Geochemical and hydrothermal alteration patterns of the abrisham-rud porphyry copper district, semnan province”, Iran. Minerals, 12(1), p.103. ##
  Urqueta, E.; Kyser, T.K.; Clark, A.H.; Stanley, C.R.; Oates, C.J.; 2009; “Lithogeochemistry of the Collahuasi porphyry Cu-Mo and epithermal Cu-Ag (-Au) cluster, northern Chile: Pearce element ratio vectors to ore”, Geochemistry, 9(1), p.9. ##
  Yongqing, C.; Jingning, H.; Zhen, L.; 2008; “Geochemical characteristics and zonation of primary halos of Pulang porphyry copper deposit, Northwestern Yunnan Province, Southwestern China”, Journal of China University of Geosciences, 19(4), pp.371-377. ##
  Ziaii, M.; Carranza, E.J.M.; Ziaei, M.; 2011; “Application of geochemical zonality coefficients in mineral prospectivity mapping”, Computers & geosciences, 37(12), pp.1935-1945.
  Zuo, R.; Wang, J.; Chen, G.; Yang, M.; 2015; “Identification of weak anomalies: A multifractal perspective”, J. Geochem. Explor.2015, 148, 12–24. ##
 

  • Receive Date 11 October 2024
  • Revise Date 24 November 2024
  • Accept Date 06 April 2025