Solvent extraction of rubidium from leach liquor of central Iran metasomatic ores using macrocyclic crown ether ligands

Document Type : research - paper

Authors

1 Nuclear Fuel Cycle Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute

2 Faculty of mining engineering, School of engineering, Yazd university

Abstract

Solvent extraction (SX) of rubidium (Rb) from leach liquor of central Iran metasomatic ores was studied with various macrocyclic crown ether ligands. Many crown ethers were used as extractants. Rubidium was quantitatively extracted from picrate media by dicyclobexano-18-crown-6 (DC18-C-6) in chloroform, and determined by flame emission spectrometry. Here, the factors affecting SX of Rb from synthetic solutions of rubidium (containing 100 mg L-1 Rb) in sulfuric acid medium were identified. 0.01 mol L-1 DC18C6 in chloroform, 0.01 mol L-1 picric acid in aqueous phase, aqueous to organic (A/O) ratio of 1, pH 5.5 and mixing time of 15 min are the optimum values for affective factors. The precipitation with sodium hydroxide was conducted to remove the leaching impurities such as Fe, Mg, Al. Complete extraction of Rb from aqueous solution and almost complete extraction of Rb (81%) from leaching filtrate containing 0.01 mol L-1 picric acid was performed using 0.01 mol L-1 DC18C6 in chloroform. The Rb complete strippings, was obtained with 4 mol L-1 and 5 mol L-1 hydrochloric and nitric acids, respectively, ‌with A/O ratio of 1:1.

Keywords


منابع M. Hosseini, B. M. Sparkes, G. Campbell, P. K. Lam, and B. C. Buchler, "High efficiency coherent optical memory with warm rubidium vapour," Nature communications, vol. 2, pp. 1-5, 2011.## V. Eremyashev, D. Zherebtsov, L. Osipova, and E. Danilina, "Thermal study of melting, transition and crystallization of rubidium and cesium borosilicate glasses," Ceramics International, vol. 42, pp. 18368-18372, 2016.## P. C. Harikesh, H. K. Mulmudi, B. Ghosh, T. W. Goh, Y. T. Teng, K. Thirumal, et al., "Rb as an alternative cation for templating inorganic lead-free perovskites for solution processed photovoltaics," Chemistry of Materials, vol. 28, pp. 7496-7504, 2016.## E. Bolter, K. K. Turekian, and D. F. Schutz, "The distribution of rubidium, cesium and barium in the oceans," Geochimica et cosmochimica Acta, vol. 28, pp. 1459-1466, 1964.## W. A. Hart, O. Beumel, and T. P. Whaley, The chemistry of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium: pergamon texts in inorganic chemistry vol. 7: Elsevier, 2013.## W. C. Butterman and R. Reese Jr, "Mineral Commodity Profiles--Rubidium," 2331-1258, 2003.## M. Wise, "Trace element chemistry of lithium-rich micas from rare-element granitic pegmatites," Mineralogy and Petrology, vol. 55, pp. 203-215, 1995.## D. E. Garrett, Handbook of lithium and natural calcium chloride: Elsevier, 2004.## I. Paukov, Y. Kovalevskaya, I. Kiseleva, and T. Shuriga, "A low-temperature heat capacity study of natural lithium micas: Heat capacity of zinnwaldite," Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry, vol. 99, pp. 709-712, 2010.## N. Omidvari, "Surveying the ability of recovery of rubidium from leach solution of anomaly No. 5 of Saghand area, by solvent extraction," M.Sc., Shahid bahonar University of Kerman, 2007.## N. Zhang, D. L. Gao, M. M. Liu, and T. L. Deng, "Rubidium and cesium recovery from brine resources," in Advanced Materials Research, 2014, pp. 417-420.## J. Jandova, P. Dvořák, J. Formánek, and H. N. Vu, "Recovery of rubidium and potassium alums from lithium-bearing minerals," Hydrometallurgy, vol. 119, pp. 73-76, 2012.## E. S. Rodríguez, E. C. Sáenz, M. Ramírez, F. P. Cardona, and M. P. Labra, "Kinetics of alkaline decomposition and cyaniding of Argentian rubidium jarosite in NaOH medium," Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, vol. 43, pp. 1027-1033, 2012.## G. Naidu, T. Nur, P. Loganathan, J. Kandasamy, and S. Vigneswaran, "Selective sorption of rubidium by potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrate," Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 163, pp. 238-246, 2016.## G. Naidu, S. Jeong, M. A. H. Johir, A. G. Fane, J. Kandasamy, and S. Vigneswaran, "Rubidium extraction from seawater brine by an integrated membrane distillation-selective sorption system," Water research, vol. 123, pp. 321-331, 2017.## Y. Takeda, R. Taguchi, and S. Katsuta, "Study on solute–solvent and solute–solute interactions for the dibenzo-24-crown-8-alkali metal picrate extraction system," Journal of molecular liquids, vol. 115, pp. 139-147, 2004.## J. Dozol, Z. Asfari, F. Arnaud-Neu, J. Vicens, and P. Thuery, "Extraction of rubidium and caesium from strongly alkaline media," Radiochimica Acta, vol. 92, pp. 175-182, 2004.## A. Sadakane, T. Iwachido, and K. Tôei, "The extraction of alkali metal picrates with dibenzo-18-crown-6," Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, vol. 48, pp. 60-63, 1975.## M. T. Mohammadi, S. J. Koleini, S. Javanshir, H. Abolghasemi, and M. Abdollahy, "Extraction of rubidium from gold waste: Process optimization," Hydrometallurgy, vol. 151, pp. 25-32, 2015.## W. Xiaolin, L. Yinong, and F. Yibei, "Solvent extraction separation of rubidium with a crown ether for neutron activation analysis in rock samples," Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry, vol. 189, pp. 127-132, 1995.## B. Mohite and S. Burungale, "Separation of rubidium from associated elements by solvent extraction with dibenzo-24-crown-8," 1999.## A. H. Bond, M. L. Dietz, and R. Chiarizia, "Incorporating size selectivity into synergistic solvent extraction: a review of crown ether-containing systems," Industrial & engineering chemistry research, vol. 39, pp. 3442-3464, 2000.## M. R. T. Mohammadi, S. M. J. Koleini, S. Javanshir, H. Abolghasemi, and M. Abdollahy, "Solvent extraction of rubidium from gold waste using conventional SX and new CFE methods," Rare Metals, vol. 34, pp. 818-828, 2015.## B. Ertan and Y. Erdoğan, "Separation of rubidium from boron containing clay wastes using solvent extraction," Powder Technology, vol. 295, pp. 254-260, 2016.## S.-m. Liu, H.-h. Liu, Y.-j. Huang, and W.-j. Yang, "Solvent extraction of rubidium and cesium from salt lake brine with t-BAMBP–kerosene solution," Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, vol. 25, pp. 329-334, 2015.## J. Wang, D. Che, and W. Qin, "Extraction of rubidium by t-BAMBP in cyclohexane," Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 23, pp. 1110-1113, 2015.## N. E. Thomas, M. Smutz, and L. Burkhart, "Separation of thulium and ytterbium in acidic chloride solutions by fractional solvent extraction," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, vol. 10, pp. 453-458, 1971.## P. Tsakiridis and S. Agatzini, "Process for the recovery of cobalt and nickel in the presence of magnesium and calcium from sulphate solutions by Versatic 10 and Cyanex 272," Minerals Engineering, vol. 17, pp. 535-543, 2004.## W. Li, X. Wang, S. Meng, D. Li, and Y. Xiong, "Extraction and separation of yttrium from the rare earths with sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid in chloride media," Separation and purification technology, vol. 54, pp. 164-169, 2007.## R. D. Abreu and C. A. Morais, "Study on separation of heavy rare earth elements by solvent extraction with organophosphorus acids and amine reagents," Minerals Engineering, vol. 61, pp. 82-87, 2014. Y. Wang, F. Li, Z. Zhao, Y. Dong, and X. Sun, "The novel extraction process based on CYANEX® 572 for separating heavy rare earths from ion-adsorbed deposit," Separation and purification technology, vol. 151, pp. 303-308, 2015.## S. Alamdar Milani, M. Akbari, and M. Kiaei, "Processing of Metasomatite Deposit of Saghand Anomaly No. 5 by Sulphuric Acid Digestion," Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology (JonSat), vol. 35, pp. 23-31, 2014.## A. K. De, S. M. Khopkar, and R. A. Chalmers, "SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF METALS," 1970.## E. Seo, Y. Cheong, G. Yim, K. Min, and J. Geroni, "Recovery of Fe, Al and Mn in acid coal mine drainage by sequential selective precipitation with control of pH," Catena, vol. 148, pp. 11-16, 2017.## Y. Takeda, "Synergistic Solvent Extraction of Alkali Metal Picrates by Crown Ethers," Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, vol. 54, pp. 526-529, 1981.## S. Banerjee, K. Mukhopadhyay, B. Mukhopadhyay, and S. Lahiri, "Extraction separation of 86Rb from 85Sr in trace level with 18-crown-6 in nitrobenzene," Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry, vol. 252, pp. 157-160, 2002.## B. Mohite and S. Khopkar, "Solvent extraction separation of rubidium with dicyclohexano-18-crown-6," Talanta, vol. 32, pp. 565-567, 1985.## D. A. Laidler, J. F. Stoddart, F. Vögtle, E. Weber, C. L. Liotta, I. Goldberg, et al., "Ethers, Crown Ethers, Hydroxyl Groups and their Sulphur Analogues (1981): Supplement E: Part, Volume."## P. Danesi, H. Meider-Gorican, R. Chiarizia, and G. Scibona, "Extraction selectivity of organic solutions of a cyclic polyether with respect to the alkali cations," Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, vol. 37, pp. 1479-1483, 1975.## K. Kimura, T. Maeda, and T. Shono, "Extraction of alkali metal picrates with poly-and bis (crown ether) s," Talanta, vol. 26, pp. 945-949, 1979.## F. Habashi, A textbook of hydrometallurgy vol. 1: Métallurgie Extractive, 1999.## U. Eliav and H. Levanon, "Formation of ion pairs in rubidium-tetrahydrofuran crown ether solutions," The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 84, pp. 842-847, 1980.## S. Patai, Chemistry of ethers, crown ethers, hydroxyl groups and their sulphur analogues: Wiley, 1980.## M. Kiaei, "Probability assessment of uranium, thorium, rare earth elements & ferit ores processing if Saghand area (anomaly 5)," M. Sc., shahid Bahonar university of Kerman, 2000.## H. R. Jahromi, "Recovery of rare earth elements from Sagand Metasomatite Mineral Leach liquor by extraction chromatography," Atomic Energy Organization of Iranian (AEOI), 2000.##